What is cord blood?

What is cord blood?

Before a baby is born he is connected to his mother by the umbilical cord and placenta. They allow nutrients to flow from the mother into the baby. After a baby is born his umbilical cord is cut and he is detached from the mother. The remaining umbilical cord and placenta, called the afterbirth, is expelled from the mother’s body minutes after the baby is born. Usually, the doctors and nurses throw it away. However, there is blood left in the umbilical cord and placenta, and this blood can be collected and used to help someone. It is called ‘cord blood’.

• What is cord blood used for? 

Cord blood has been used in the treatment of more than 70 different diseases so far. The most common disease category has been leukemia. The next largest group are inherited diseases (of red blood cells, the immune system, and certain metabolic abnormalities.) Patients with "lymphoma", "myelodysplasia" and severe "aplastic" anemia have also been successfully transplanted with cord blood. 
"Cord blood" is the blood that remains in the umbilical cord and placenta following birth. Umbilical cord blood contains unique cells called "stem cells" what is Cord blood is collected after the baby is born and immediately after the umbilical cord has been clamped and cut. It is a painless, safe procedure. When cord blood is collected and stored, the stem cells are immediately available for transplantation.

• What's special about cord blood?

Cord blood stem cells can be used in the treatment of many life-threatening diseases including certain cancers and immune and genetic disorders. what is Cord blood stem cells have the ability to treat the same diseases as bone marrow with significantly less rejection? Stem cell research may also help provide new treatments for stroke, heart disease, diabetes, and muscular dystrophy, to name a few.

• Why store your baby’s umbilical cord blood?

Your baby's birth provides the once-in-a-lifetime chance to collect and freeze your baby's unique cord blood stem cells for their current uses, and future potential medical uses.
Cord blood stem cells are a perfect match for your baby, have a 25% probability of being an exact match for a sibling (even greater chances of being a viable match), and can be potentially used for parents and grandparents.

• What Are Cord Blood Registries?

A Cord Blood Registry, or what is Cord Blood Bank, refers to a private service that has been set up to allow you to store (or bank) the umbilical cord blood of your newborn son or daughter.
Cord blood registries are new services that are designed to allow you to save the stem cells found in cord blood from your child at the time of the birth. There currently is some debate on whether cord blood banking is yet a practical solution for parents concerned about the health of their children, but many consider it a simple life insurance against unforeseen illness.

• Is Cord Blood Storage Expensive?

At this time, cord blood bank storage services are not inexpensive. Many services will charge an upfront fee for the collection of cord blood (at the time of delivery), as well as yearly fees to store the blood. The current costs of cord blood storage are probably the biggest argument against it.

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What is cord blood? And why is cord blood banking important?

There's nothing more important than the health of our babies.
 Thalia

If you are an expectant parent thinking about storing your baby’s cord blood, here’s some information about what cord blood is and why cord blood banking is important.

A baby’s umbilical cord is cut right after childbirth. Once the umbilical cord is cut, some blood is left over in the placenta and in the attached umbilical cord. This placental blood is called umbilical ‘cord blood’.

Like the whole blood, cord blood important also contains plasma, platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells. But, most importantly, it is also a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells.

Medical research has proven that these stem cells found in cord blood has a huge potential in treating hematopoietic and genetic disorders. It is estimated that the stem cells in cord blood can cure about eighty diseases in blood, cardiovascular diseases, various forms of cancer and genetic disorders.

Cord blood banking and research has enabled the use of cord blood banking important as a substitute to bone marrow, which is the commonly used source of stem cells. Cord blood stem cells are much more primitive than bone marrow stem cells and this makes it more effective and adaptable in treating diseases.

The risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD) which occurs due to mismatching tissues between the donor and recipient is less while using cord blood. Moreover, the other advantages of cord blood stem cells over bone marrow stem cells are Collecting stem cells from umbilical cord is easier than having to do a surgery to collect them Bone marrow collection can be painful and a involves a small percentage of risk to the donor As what is cord blood is easily available, and can be stored using cord blood banking methods, more people can readily benefit from it.

• Cord blood stem cells can be transplanted to anyone while finding an exact matching bone marrow will be difficult.
• Cord blood stem cells are purer and reduce the risk of getting infected by certain viruses that may be present in bone marrow stem cells.

However, it is cord blood important to understand that even though many private cord blood banks advertise cord blood as a ‘wonder therapy’, this is a science which is still under research and treatment of many of the diseases are still under animal trial and no clinical trial in humans are carried out.

If there is no family history of specific genetic diseases, it is more advisable to donate your baby’s cord blood to a public cord blood bank for use of public (which might include any of your relative’s also) in future, rather than spending on preserving it in a private cord blood bank.

Get also ( 4 Ways to Cut the Umbilical Cord of a Baby )

Umbilical Cord Blood – Store or Donate?

Over the last decades, stem cell banking has become a significant medical practice for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Bone marrow has been considered as the primary source of stem cells for many years. But with the recent advancements in stem cell research, scientists have found the presence of master cells in the new-born’s umbilical cord blood. In the past, the umbilical cord that act as a lifeline to the baby is cut off and disposed right after the child birth. However, the discovery of perinatal stem cell presence in cord blood and umbilical cord tissue has given it a life-saving status. Since harvesting of umbilical cord tissue and blood is safe, quick and pain-less procedure, cord blood stem cell banking has been gaining immense popularity. Currently, cord blood stem cells are used to treat more than 80 life-threatening diseases which include leukemia, lymphoma and sickle cell disease to name a few. 

Families can either bank or donate their baby’s umbilical cord blood (CB) and tissue. Banking CB at a private cord blood bank may cost you a pretty penny, whereas donation to a public bank is absolutely free of cost. If you are an expectant parent, then it is important to educate yourself about the importance and medical benefits of stem cell banking. Do spend enough time in research so that you can get a better understanding about the current therapies and future treatments using CB stem cells. If you have decided to store your baby’s cord blood, then it is important to plan ahead of time. Expectant parents who can’t afford to bank the cord blood at a private facility can think about public donation, as it can save a life. Sick patients who are in need for a stem cell transplant may benefit from your CB donation. So, have a detailed discussion with your doctor and family members in order to take an informed decision.

What is Cord Blood & Cord Tissue?

If you are an expectant parent, then you might be probably busy with a lot of planning such as meeting the doctor, discussing different health issues, setting up the nursery, planning the baby shower and more. But have you ever thought about banking your new-born’s cord blood? Most of us will agree that it is one of the rarely discussed topics. But having a detailed understanding about the medical benefits of cord blood (CB) can help you in taking informed decisions regarding its banking. First of all, let’s find out what cord blood is. As we all know umbilical cord connects a baby in the womb to its mother and provides him with oxygen and nutrients. And that is why umbilical cord is considered as the lifeline of developing embryo or foetus. Soon after the child birth, this cord is cut and discarded away. But now research has shown that the blood present in the baby’s cord contains adult stem cells. Umbilical cord blood tissue, being a rich source of stem cells can be collected and stored for several therapeutical applications and research purposes. 

Not just the blood present in the cord, but even the tissue of the umbilical cord is used in the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine therapy. Collection ofcord blood and tissue is a quick and pain-less procedure carried out right after the child birth. But what exactly is the difference between cord blood and cord tissue? CB is a rich source of blood-forming cells or Haematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs), whereas umbilical cord tissue contains Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. Another notable difference is that while cord blood has been used for treating more than 80 diseases, cord tissue is only available in clinical trials at this point of time. But according to the researchers, the future of cord tissue stem cell based therapy looks bright and promising. Expectant parents who wish to reap the therapeutical benefits of CB may consider banking it. Those who can’t afford the higher cord blood banking prices can also donate their new-born’s cord blood.

Benefits of Banking Cord Blood & Cord Tissue

The field of stem cell research have made significant stride in the recent years and the discovery of stem cell presence in umbilical cord blood was one of the remarkable achievements. Have you been thinking what exactly cord blood is? Blood left in the umbilical cord and placenta is termed as the cord blood (CB). Until recently, both the umbilical cord and placenta were discarded as medical waste right after the child birth. But during the 1970s, researchers discovered that the umbilical cord blood is a rich source of stem cells. Also known as the master cells, adult stem cells possess remarkable potential to develop into a complete array of tissue and organ cells of the body. Cord blood contains haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are responsible for maintaining blood production in our body. On the other hand, cord tissue contains Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) that have the potential to differentiate into cartilage cells, bone cells and fat cells. Several clinical trials are underway exploring the therapeutical cord tissue benefits and applications. 

Currently, umbilical cord blood is used to treat more than 80 life-threatening diseases. Some of the major conditions include cancers, blood diseases and immune deficiency disorders. HSCs present in the umbilical cord blood develop into red cells, white cells and platelets further restoring the body’s ability to produce blood. Patients with cancerous blood disorders are treated with chemotherapy or radiation, which reduces the stem cells in the bone marrow. Cord blood stem cell transplant helps to replace the damaged blood forming cells with healthy HSCs. Since the collection of cord blood is easier and probability of complications is slighter, CB transplants have become a safe and effective alternative to bone marrow stem cell transplants. On the other hand, researchers continue to investigate the therapeutical cord tissue benefitsthereby offering promising hope for the treatment of several debilitating conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, stroke, spinal cord injury, diabetes and more.

Why Donate Cord Blood & Tissue?

Stem cells, also known as ‘master cells’ are not only used for research purposes but are also used for clinical practices. Some of the major physical conditions that can be treated with stem cell transplants include cancers, blood disorders, congenital metabolic disorders and immunodeficiency disorders. Benefits of stem cell research are many and that is why researchers have been encouraging the storage and preservation of cord blood cells and tissues.

You can either store your newborn’s cord blood in a reliable private bank offering family cord blood services or donate it to a public bank. CB given to a private bank is processed and frozen in cryogenic storage tanks for long-term preservation. Storing the umbilical cord blood tissue can cost you a pretty penny, whereas donating the CB to a public bank is free. If you can’t afford the expensive costs of private family cord blood banking services, then it is advised to donate it rather than throwing it away. Cancer patients who need stem cell transplants might be looking for a donor and they rely on the public bank donations. Your donation to the public cord blood bank can be a life-saving match for cancer patients and can give them a second chance at life. 

If you have decided to donate your baby’s cord blood and cord blood tissue, then it is important for you to sign up for the process in between the 28^th and 34^th week of pregnancy. Speak with your doctor for availing more information and guidance. Public cord blood banks have several set of guidelines and eligibility criteria. Go through the details before signing up for the donation. Moreover, you need to submit a consent form and also complete a questionnaire about your maternal and family health. Last but not the least, your blood sample will be collected and screened for infectious diseases in order to ensure the safety of transplant patients.

Donating Your Baby’s Cord Blood

Great advancements have been reported in the field of stem cell research in the recent years. With several research and clinical trials underway, the future of stem cell banking and regenerative medicine therapy looks promising. While embryonic stem cell research is surrounded by ethical controversies and moral hazards, scientists have been shifting their focus to alternate sources of stem cells. That is how umbilical cord stem cell banking gained its name and fame over the past decade. Presence of the master cells in the new born baby’s cord blood was a new milestone in the history of stem cell banking and research. But the topic of cord blood banking is confusing for both the expectant parents and the medical community. 

The most important thing which  the expectant parents should know about their newborn’s cord blood

is that it has an immense potential to treat more than 80 life threatening conditions including different forms of cancer, inherited metabolic disorders and other debilitating diseases. Newborn baby’s cord blood contains Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) which develop into blood-related cells in the body, while the cord tissue contains Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which develops into structural and connective tissues. Both the HSCs and MSCs are subjected to a set of progressive clinical trials and is expected to cure several disorders such as spinal cord injury, diabetes, heart disease, Parkinson’s'disease, Alzheimer’s , lung disease, arthritis and organ failures.

Expectant parents can either donate or store their baby’s umbilical cord blood. If you donate the cord blood, then it will be stored in a public banking facility. Patients who are in need for stem cell transplants are benefitted from the cord blood stored in the public banks. When you want your baby’s cord blood stored for you and your family, then private banking is the ideal option. Both the private and public cord blood banking facilities work in compliance with the federal regulations and meet stringent quality standards. Expectant parents who find it hard to afford the highly expensive private cord blood pricing may think about the public bank donations, where it can be used to treat someone else.